MARIJUANA
.....File photo shows a marijuana plant. Israeli researchers say they have
developed marijuana plants that can be used to ease the symptoms of some
ailments without getting patients high.
SAFED : They grow in a
secret location in northern Israel. A tall fence, security cameras and an armed
guard protect them from criminals. A hint of their sweet-scented blossom
carries in the air: rows and rows of cannabis plants, as far as the eye can
see.
It is here, at a medical
marijuana plantation atop the hills of the Galilee, where researchers say they
have developed marijuana that can be used to ease the symptoms of some ailments
without getting patients high.
“Sometimes the high is not
always what they need. Sometimes it is an unwanted side effect. For some of the
people it’s not even pleasant,” said Zack Klein, head of development at Tikun
Olam, the company that developed the plant.
Cannabis has more than 60
constituents called cannabinoids. THC is perhaps the best known of those, less
so for its medical benefits and more for its psychoactive properties that give
people a 'high' feeling.
But cannabis also contains
Cannabidiol, or CBD, a substance that some researchers say has
anti-inflammatory benefits. Unlike THC, it hardly binds to the brain’s
receptors and can therefore work without getting patients stoned.
“CBD plants are available in
different forms all over the world,” said Klein, adding that the company’s
plant is free of THC and very high in CBD.
Tikun Olam began its
research on CBD enhanced cannabis in 2009 and about six months ago they came up
with Avidekel, Klein said, a cannabis strain that contains 15.8 per cent CBD
and only traces of THC, less than one per cent.
CANNABIS AS MEDICINE
Marijuana is an illegal drug
in Israel. Medicinal use of it was first permitted in 1993, according to the
health ministry.
Today cannabis is used in
Israel to treat 9,000 people suffering from illnesses such as cancer,
Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease and post traumatic stress
disorder, according to Israel’s health ministry.
Drug companies have also
been interested in cannabis as a medicine. Britain’s GW Pharmaceuticals, with
Bayer and Almirall, sells an under-the-tongue spray called Sativex that is
designed to minimise highs by manipulating ratios of active ingredients.
Raphael Mechoulam, a
professor of medicinal chemistry at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, said
Avidekel is thought to be the first CBD-enriched cannabis plant with no THC to
have been developed in Israel.
“It is possible that
(Avidekel’s) CBD to THC ratio is the highest among medical marijuana companies
in the world, but the industry is not very organised, so one cannot keep exact
track of what each company is doing,” he explained.
Although there have been no
clinical trials in humans, Mechoulam, who is a leading researcher of
cannabinoids, said that Avidekel showed promise as a potent anti-inflammatory.
Ruth Gallily of the Hebrew
University who works for the company and has been studying CBD for more than 12
years, said she has found that the substance has impressive anti-inflammatory
qualities. She has been testing the effects of Tikun Olam’s CBD-enhanced
cannabis on mice and expects clinical trials to begin in a few months.
Avidekel is a new strain of
a plant that is already permitted for medical use so there is nothing stopping
patients who are already being treated with marijuana from trying Avidekel.
About 10 patients began using it in the past six months, Klein said.
“The cannabis plant,
enriched with CBD, can be used for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
colitis, liver inflammation, heart disease and diabetes,” she said, adding
there are no side effects.
“It’s a huge advantage,”
said one 35-year-old patient who asked not to be identified, “I can smoke
during the day, function with a lot less pain and still be focused, work and
drive. It is a great gift.”
The woman began suffering
chronic pains after a tumour was removed from her spine. She began treatment
with regular THC-containing marijuana eight months ago. Two months ago she
started smoking Avidekel.
“The difference is huge.
Before, I would only smoke at the end of the day and stay in pain.” Now, she said,
with the highless marijuana “my life is so much better.”
Despite Avidekel’s highless
benefit, Klein does not see regular marijuana disappearing any time soon. THC
has its own unique effects that alleviate illness symptoms.
“Don’t worry, I think that
cannabis with THC will still be (around),” he said. (Reuters)
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