THE BYZANTINES (HISTORY OF CONSTANTINOPLE = ISTANBUL)

by : Adam Gabriel

Megas Konstantinos inaugurates on 11 May of him year 330 new Rome, capital of Roman state. According to Konstantinos [Paparrigopoylo] the Roman sovereignty [Last] up to the 5th century, and similarly agrees the historian Helen [Glykatzi] [Arbeler], which reports: "? At the duration of period (379-641), will the Byzantium acquire characteristically, where they render him later, Greek Empire of christian [Anatolis].

"? Finlay considers that: "? from does the 716 history of Greeks [tosoyton] closely engage afterwards the chronicles of [krataios] already organised imperial government, what the history of Eastern state it constitutes since then [en] all afterwards her Greek nation [istorias]."? The Greek empire was the rampant of christian Europe for thousand and henceforth years, protecting him from raids of barbarians, raids that were capable to erase perfectly the cultural identity of Europe where we know today. 

If [Perses] or the Arabs or the Ottomen had submerged Europe, sure the European history would be very different today. Also the state of Byzantium was the agent of Greek language and the intellectual heritage of Ancient Greeks. If had not been copied the thousands work of ancient wise men and had been delivered in the mercy of Asian intruders, very very little we would know for the ancient sciences and the ancient philosophy.

The conquest of Constantinople in Akhir Zaman :

Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis; Latin: Constantinopolis; Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه,Qostantiniyye; and modern Turkish: İstanbul) was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin and the Ottoman Empires. 

It was founded in AD 330, at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named. The city was the largest and wealthiest European city of the Middle Ages, and shared the glories of the Byzantine Empire, which was eventually reduced to the city and its environs.

Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. An inner wall was erected by Constantine I, and the city was surrounded by a triple wall of fortifications, begun during the 5th century by Theodosius II. 

The city was built on seven hills as well as on the Bosphorus, and thus presented an impregnable fortress enclosing magnificent palaces, domes and towers. The Church of Hagia Sophia, the sacred palace of the emperors, the hippodrome, and theGolden Gate were among the largest of the many churches, public edifices, and monuments lining the arcaded avenues and squares.